Diet & Nutrition
- DIET! Budgies and tiels can NOT live on a seed only diet. It causes a myriad health problems, and is NOT nutritionally complete.
Some health problems caused by a seed diet include:
- Shortened lifespan
- Fatty liver disease
- Kidney dysfunction
- Pancreas problems
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Liver damage
- Malnutrition
For more proof, I have a photograph of the necropsy performed on one of my rescue birds.
***WARNING!!*** the image on the following page is very graphic, and may not be appropriate for sensitive viewers or young children. View at your own discretion!
To see the necropsy picture + explanation, click here.
On the flipside, no seed diets aren't good either. In the wild, seeds and grains are a natural part of the diet. Seed should not be cut out 100%, but it should also not make up the bulk of the diet.
The best diet is a varied one.
I use The Foundation Formula. The only other pelleted diets that I would personally recommend are Harrison's & Breeder's Blend ; all of these diets are 100% organic, preservative free, artificial coloring free, and artificial flavoring free. Nearly all the pellets you can buy in a pet store, contain a lot of artificial coloring, flavoring, and preservatives. Beware of foods containing ethoxyquin; ethoxyquin has has been linked to birth defects, cancer, tumors, and liver problems in dogs, cats, birds, and rats. The FDA won't even allow it in HUMAN foods so...if you absolutely MUST go through a pet store to get your pellets or seed be sure to read the label carefully. Avoid the brightly colored pellets.
In addition to that, many pellets, especially the brightly colored type, add a TON of extra sugar to their food. This can cause your bird to become a picky eater, and only want very sweet foods. It makes it very hard to get your bird to try new foods like greens, fruits, other seed, or healthier pellets because of this.
There is debate on whether a pelleted diet should be the "staple" or main part of the bird's diet. Some vets say it should, other say it shouldn't.
If you choose not to offer pellets, be SURE you offer a variety of other foods such as cooked rice, beans, peas, grated carrots, broccoli, parsley sprigs, etc...but not iceberg lettuce, that can cause digestive problems and really is mostly water anyway.
If you choose to offer pellets as the main diet, be sure you also include variety as well. Pellets aren't a "cure all" and no one pellet is nutritionally complete, your bird needs VARIETY.
If your bird is picky about eating pellets there are two ways to try to get him to eat them:
One way is by mixing pellets in with the seeds, to let him know that the pellets are food too, then gradually lessen the amount of seed and increase the amount of pellets.
Another way is to offer a small amount of seed in the morning and evening, but take it away after 20 minutes and replace the food with pellets only, and don't give any more seed until evening. Don't worry, this won't starve your bird, and eventually he should realize that the pellets are food too.
HOWEVER while trying to convert to pellets, be sure to watch your bird's weight. They aren't like cats or dogs who will eventually eat when they get hungry enough, birds will actually starve themselves to death rather than eat pellets or new foods sometimes. If your bird resists diet changes, keep trying, but DO NOT withold food from him EVER!
I've been lucky, my birds have all converted to pellets easily! They still get seed, millet, rice, broccoli, carrots, etc..but they all seemed to like the pellets as well. Maybe I have feathered pigs instead. :)
Even after you get your bird eating pellets, you should still offer seed as part of the diet.
Fresh vegetables should also be offered. Some birds are picky, and it may take months or YEARS before they'll even take a test nibble of the green stuff; be persistent, eventually he'll give it a try. You could also try eating vegetables in front of him, a lot of birds, like dogs or cats, want to eat whatever the owner is eating. I got my tiel to try veggies after he saw me eating them and was showing interest in it.
Seed treats can also be offered, but be careful your bird doesn't decided to ONLY want seed treats...that happened to my budgies when I first offered them a seed stick!!
Quick note on pellets & some seed mixtures! Most common pellet brands have two varieties of pellets, brightly colored, and "natural"(brown/tan). It's best to go with the natural, or brown/tan pellets, as they usually contain no artificial coloring. Check the label though, artificial coloring and/or preservatives can cause allergic reactions and health problems in some birds, just as it does with some humans. It's best not to take a chance, and avoid it altogether.
REMEMBER, variety is best. All pellet, all seed, or all anything diets aren't complete. My birds get the following:
- Zebra finches get:
- Main Food Bowl
Harrison's High Potency Mash
Crushed Foundation Formula
Sprouts (not the grocery store kind, the kind you sprout yourself)
A seed mix of amaranth, sesame seed, kamut, flax, oat groats, quinoa, and organic canary seed mix.
cayenne
- Treat Bowl
Dried apricots
Raisins
Fresh broccoli
Fresh carrot shavings
Fresh chopped green beans
Cooked brown rice
Cooked beans
Cooked split peas(green and yellow)
Crumbled millet
- Budgies:
- Main Food Bowl
Foundation Formula
Sprouts (not the grocery store kind, the kind you sprout yourself)
A seed mix of amaranth, sesame seed, kamut, flax, oat groats, quinoa, and organic canary seed mix.
cayenne
- Treat Bowl
Dried apricots
Dried banana bits
Raisins
Fresh broccoli
Fresh carrot shavings
Fresh chopped green beans
Cooked brown rice
Cooked beans
Cooked split peas(green and yellow)
Crumbled millet
- Cockatiels:
- Main Food Bowl
Foundation Formula
Sprouts (not the grocery store kind, the kind you sprout yourself)
A seed mix of amaranth, sesame seed, kamut, flax, oat groats, quinoa, and organic canary seed mix.
cayenne
- Treat Bowl
Dried peppers
Dried papaya
Dried apricots
Dried carrots
Pumpkin seeds
Raisins
Fresh broccoli
Fresh carrot shavings
Fresh chopped green beans
Cooked brown rice
Cooked beans
Cooked split peas(green and yellow)
Crumbled millet
In addition to that, all the birds get fresh, wet parsley sprigs hung from the cage bars. Other greens to try include kale, mustard greens, beet greens, and collard greens. Spouts are also VERY good for your birds, but NOT sprouts you buy in the store, sprouts you sprout yourself.
If you're interested in that, try The Sprout People. They sell starter kits for birds, and you can eat the sprouts as well.
Here's a good veggie/rice/egg mix for a starter. My usual "I hate new foods" cockatiel(Rommel) even liked this one the first time around.
Make sure you either buy organic vegetables, or wash yours VERY well! Try as hard as you can to avoid vegetables that were treated with insecticides or pestacides.
2 small yellow squash(the kind that look like small yellow zuchinni)
1 medium beet
3-5 long green beans
small handful of broccoli
small handful of cauliflower
1/4 cup of corn(aprox)
1/4 cup of peas(aprox)
2 cups brown rice
5 or so leaves of spinach
4-5 small baby carrots
1 hardboiled egg
Toss everything but the egg into a pan and boil for about 10 minutes, then turn off the heat, cover, and let it sit for about 30 minutes to absorb water. There might be a bit of water left over, but that's fine. If you have a lot of excess water either let it sit longer or drain the water off. Once that's done, dump it all in the blender(egg too) and blend until a 'pasty' type mixture. Spoon into either ice cube trays or a small glass brownie pan and let cool.
Here's a second mix that I've cooked up that my birds also enjoy.
Unfortunately I don't measure, I just cut up and add, so mix and match at will! Adjust sizes for the size of your bird and the amount you want to make.
This is SPICY! So those of you who have birds who like hot peppers...they'll probably LOVE this!
First, get some brown rice(NOT WHITE!), and start is soaking/boiling while you're doing the veggies.
Next cut up:
1 bunch of collard greens
1 bunch of kale
1 bunch of mustard greens
1 bunch of radishes(tops and roots)
4 red chili peppers(fresh, not dried)
4 green chili peppers(fresh, not dried)
1-2 eggs. Save the shells.
1 small zucchini
1 small yellow squash
5-10 baby carrots
1 sweet potato
10-20 green beans
1-2 beets
1 small can of corn, or "scraped off the cob" equivalent
3-4 cloves of peeled garlic
10-15 peas in the pod
You can also add broccoli, cauliflower, and spinach, but I didn't as one of my birds has potential kidney problems, and those three are recommended not to be used in foods as they could aggravate his condition.
Anyway, once the rice has gotten soft, pile everything else into the boiling mix, turn it down to low and let it simmer.
Be sure to stir occasionally, or stuff will burn on the bottom of the pan.
Boil/simmer until most of the water is absorbed, then remove from heat.
I let mine sit and cool because I'm clumsy and didn't want to risk spilling burning veggie mix on my hand, but if you're not as clumsy as me, skip that step.
Add the egg shells to the blender, spoon on as much of the mix as will safely fit in the blender and turn that puppy on to liquefy.
Once it's liquefied, it should end up looking something like split pea soup.
It smells really fresh, and tastes really fresh...then the spice hits! :)
My birds seem to have readily accepted this instead of their old veggie mix(even the old, "I HATE NEW FOODS! GIVE ME SEED!" boy;)), so I take that as a good sign.
So give it a try...if all else fails, it's good for you too!
Many birds are more willing to try warm mixtures, but before you feed them, make sure there are no hot spots and that it's not hot enough to cause crop burns.
This makes a LOT of mix, I'm not kidding; I can feed 7 birds on this for 4-5 months before having to make a new batch, so be sure you have room in your freezer beforehand.
I imagine this would last a single tiel or budgie a LONG time...that is, if you don't eat it first.
This mix tastes VERY good to humans and birds!
REMEMBER: Do not leave fresh/soft foods in the cage for more than 4-6 hours, as they spoil quickly and become breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi!
- "Right, but do your birds actually eat those mixes??"
See for yourself...:)
The aftermath of Rommel's feasting on the red veggie mix
Byte enjoying some veggies
- "Can I feed my bird wild bird seed? It's cheaper..."
No. Wild bird seed is for WILD BIRDS. This may explain why it's called WILD BIRD seed. Would you buy canned dog food, cook it, and tell your kids it was hamburger? Why not? I mean, both are made of meat, and dog food is cheaper. Get the point?
- Even though most veggies are great for your bird, the following are TOXIC: rhubarb, potato eyes, avocado. These will make your bird sick, and could possibly kill him...in fact avocado WILL kill him.
- This should be obvious but, never feed your bird alcohol, chocolate or caffeine. There's NOTHING funny about getting your bird drunk, it's cruel, unncessary, and harmful to a creature that looks to you to provide for him and keep him safe. In addition to it just being stupid, birds' livers can't metabolize alcohol, so there's a good chance you'll kill the little guy if you think it'd be "funny" to see him tipsy.
- "Does my budgie/cockatiel need grit?"
NO! :)
Grit is a BIG, FAT, NO!! Budgies and cockatiels hull their seeds and do NOT need grit to help digest their food. In fact, grit can make your bird sick; it can cause crop impaction, and can actually kill your bird. Calcium can be obtained through plain yogurt, cuttlebones, mineral blocks, or sterilized(microwave 'em, and let them cool before offering) crushed egg shells. Oyster shells can be offered in very small (think one or two shells every couple years) amounts; if a bird gorges on oyster shells, impaction CAN occur so if you do decide to offer oyster shells only offer a very tiny amount.